Kristjansson4, Skuli Skulason4 & Ole Seehausen1,2ġAquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 2Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, SwitzerlandģDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKĤDepartment of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Holar University College, 550 Saudarkrokur, IcelandĮcological speciation, Gasterosteus aculeatus, multivariate evolution, speciation continuum. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library () is one of the world’s most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities.Ecosystem size matters: the dimensionality of intralacustrine diversification in Icelandic stickleback is predicted by lake size With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
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Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education. This will be an important consideration for the management of disease resistance and spread throughout the state. Overall, the white-tailed deer of Missouri now represent a highly diverse population with no indication that there are barriers to gene flow. The high level of mitochondrial diversity (48 haplotypes haplotype diversity = 0.621–0.964) is reflected in a haplotype network that suggests the persistent signature of translocated lineages. We found high levels of nuclear marker diversity (HE = 0.818) and low, but statistically significant, levels of differentiation among regions. We also sequenced the mitochondrial control region from a subset (n = 248) of deer to identify historical lineages. We genotyped 751 deer at 10 microsatellite loci and used genetic distance metrics and Bayesian clustering analyses to identify distinct genetic groups. Because of this complex recent history, we sought to understand the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in deer across Missouri. Despite this, deer have since undergone a rapid expansion to the current population of 1.4 million. From a historical estimate of 700,000 individuals, deer were nearly extirpated from the state following overexploitation in the late 1800s. The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of Missouri have undergone changes in the past 100 years.
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